For each source, you’ll typically include the: The information included in reference entries is broadly similar, whatever citation style you’re using. It appears at the end of your paper, usually with a hanging indent applied to each entry. Reference lists and bibliographiesĪ reference list (aka “Bibliography” or “Works Cited,” depending on the style) is where you provide full information on each of the sources you’ve cited in the text. NoteSome special Latin terms are also used in in-text citations, such as “ et al.” (used for multiple authors) and “ ibid.” (used for repeated citations). Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species (London: John Murray, 1859), 510. Example: Note citation (Chicago)Evolution is a gradual process that “can act only by very short and slow steps.” 1 1. Since they’re not embedded in the text itself, these citations can provide more detail and sometimes aren’t accompanied by a full reference list or bibliography. There are also note citation styles, where you place your citations in either footnotes or endnotes. Example: Numerical citation (Vancouver)Evolution is a gradual process that “can act only by very short and slow steps” (1, p. 510).Īn alternative to this type of in-text citation is the system used in numerical citation styles, where a number is inserted into the text, corresponding to an entry in a numbered reference list. Example: Parenthetical citation (APA)Evolution is a gradual process that “can act only by very short and slow steps” (Darwin, 1859, p. In-text citations most commonly take the form of parenthetical citations featuring the last name of the source’s author and its year of publication (aka author-date citations). You can also use the interactive tool below to explore the format for various source types in both styles.ĭiscover proofreading & editing In-text citations MLA article for a comparison of two of the most popular styles. If in doubt, check with your instructor or read other papers from your field of study to see what style they follow.
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